22 research outputs found
Regionalni sustavi inovacija kao druŔtvena polja
The world today is subject to ambiguous, complex and mutually reinforcing global trends. The same could be said for the adaptations of social settings to these global trends. As a consequence, societies attempt to develop various increasingly sophisticated and complex systems of innovations, with all its material, social and cognitive consequences. In this article we consider systems of innovations as special type of social fields influenced by three social forces: institutions, networks and cognitive frames. Through the fuzzy-set analysis, we are examining whether these are necessary and sufficient conditions of successful adaptation to global trends via increasing innovative performance. We need a combination of at least two, but best if three, social forces to structure the social field in order to exhibit positive adaptation to global trends. This implies that the ability of social settings to meet challenges posed by global trends can indeed be a subject of rational action.DanaÅ”nji svijet postao je predmetom dvoznaÄnih, kompleksnih i uzajamno podržavajuÄih globalnih trendova. Isto se može reÄi i za socijalno okruženje koje se adaptira tim globalnim trendovima. PosljediÄno, druÅ”tva nastoje razviti razliÄite sustave inovacija koji postaju sve sofisticiranijima i kompleksnijima, ukljuÄujuÄi i njihove materijalne, druÅ”tvene i kognitivne posljedice. U ovom Älanku bavimo se sustavima inovacija kao posebnim druÅ”tvenim podruÄjima koja su pod utjecajem triju druÅ”tvenih sila: institucija, mreža i kognitivnih okvira. Fuzzy-set analizom ispitujemo jesu li ovo nužni i dostatni uvjeti uspjeÅ”ne adaptacije globalnim trendovima kroz poveÄanje inovativne performanse. Potrebna nam je kombinacija barem dviju, a najbolje triju druÅ”tvenih sila koje bi strukturirale druÅ”tveno podruÄje kako bi pokazali pozitivnu prilagodbu globalnim trendovima. To znaÄi da sposobnost socijalnog okruženja da se suoÄi s izazovima globalnih trendova može biti predmetom racionalnog djelovanja
The Social Situation and Social Reforma in Slovenia
Slovenski je tranzicijski put do sada bio unekoliko drukÄiji nego u veÄini ostalih postsocijalistiÄkih zemalja u Europi. Uzrok tome leži u blažem diskontinuitetu s proÅ”loÅ”Äu. Socijalna politika je vjerojatno najoÄitiji primjer tome. Premda nisu samo Äisti nastavak, sadaÅ”nji trendovi u Sloveniji Ävrsto su ukorijenjeni u logiku proteklog razvojnog sustava. Brza privatizacija te rapidno smanjivanje socijalne potroÅ”nje nisu bili realistiÄna politiÄka opcija tijekom devedesetih godina. Iako smo svjedoci segmentacije tržiÅ”ta rada, te poveÄavanja siromaÅ”tva i stopa nejednakosti, oni uglavnom nisu bili tako oÅ”tri u usporedbi s ostalim postsocijalistiÄkim zemljama. Stanje reformi sustava socijalne sigurnosti (zdravstvene politike i zdravstvenog osiguranja, mirovinskog sustava, osiguranja za vrijeme nezaposlenosti i ostalih sustava socijalne zaÅ”tite), obrazovne politike i politike tržiÅ”ta rada objaÅ”njavaju zaÅ”to je tome tako. Posebno u sustavu socijalne sigurnosti ne može se jasno identificirati nijedan veÄi rez u pravima i javnoj potroÅ”nji, a koji ne bi ozbiljno utjecao na socijalno stanje stanovniÅ”tva, iako postoji odreÄen pomak odgovornosti za vlastito blagostanje od države na pojedinca. TakoÄer se može uoÄiti āprikrivenaā privatizacija u tercijarnom obrazovanju, ali ona nije utjecala na moguÄnost nastavka Å”kolovanja mladih generacija. Pored toga, donijeta je Å”iroka paleta mjera aktivne politike zapoÅ”ljavanja u cilju borbe protiv strukturne nezaposlenosti, te poticanja ukljuÄivanja nezaposlenih osoba u te mjere. Usprkos tome se ove politike suoÄavaju s brojnim problemima, koji su u Älanku jasno naznaÄeni. MeÄutim, kritike da je slovenska socijalna politika preskupa, uzimajuÄi u obzir razvojni znaÄaj socijalne dimenzije, uskogrudne su i parcijalne. ImajuÄi to na umu, toÄniji opis slovenske socijalne politike jest da je ona previÅ”e pasivna, neuÄinkovita i bez jasno definirane strategijske uloge.Slovenia\u27s transition trajectories have so far been somewhat different from those in most other post-socialist countries. This is due to a less sharp discontinuity with the past. Social policy is perhaps the most obvious example; current trends are quite firmly embedded in the logic of the past development of the system, even if they are not a simple continuation of it. Fast privatisation and rapid cuts in welfare spending were not a realistic policy option in the 1990s. Even though we witness trends toward labour market segmentation and increase in poverty and inequality rates, they have mostly been less acute than in other post-socialist countries. The state of reforms of the social security system (health policy and insurance, pension system, employment insurance and other social protection schemes), of education policies and of labour market policies explain why this is the case. Especially as far as the social security system is concerned, one cannot clearly identify any major cuts in entitlements and public spending which could potentially have a serious impact on the social standing of the population ā even though the responsibility for one\u27s well-being was shifted to a certain extent from the state to the individual. We can also identify a āhiddenā privatisation of the tertiary education, but it still does not impact the ability of young generations to continue their education. In addition, a comprehensive set of labour market policies has been designed to tackle structural unemployment and foster inclusion of the unemployed. Nevertheless, these policy areas are facing numerous problems, which are clearly identified in the article. However, critics of the Slovenian social policy who consider it too expensive are, in view of the developmental relevance of the social dimension, narrow-minded and partial. Having this in mind, the description of Slovenia\u27s social policy as being too passive, inefficient and without a clearly defined strategic role is more accurate
ZapoŔljavanje i politika tržiŔta rada u Sloveniji
Rad je posveÄen sadaÅ”njem stanju u Sloveniji, koje se može ocijeniti kao relativno pozitivno, posebice u usporedbi s drugim zemljama u jugoistoÄnoj Europi. Slovenija je priliÄno dobro provela proces tranzicije. Kako bi se mogla steÄi sveobuhvatna slika, potrebno je navesti i manje pozitivne aspekte tog procesa: steÄajeve mnogih tvrtki, ekonomsko restrukturiranje gospodarstva u kojemu je bilo preveliko znaÄenje industrije i s tim povezano otpuÅ”tanje brojnih zaposlenih, smanjivanje rashoda za socijalnu skrb, poveÄanje siromaÅ”tva i socijalne nejednakosti. Na tržiÅ”tu rada zabilježen je poÄetkom 1990-ih nagli porast nezaposlenosti. Stanje se poboljÅ”alo u drugoj polovici 1990-ih, ali za neke skupine nezaposlenih (starije, polukvalificirane i nekvalificirane) vrlo je teÅ”ko naÄi posao. Nakon poÄetnog razdoblja razvijen je niz mjera na tržiÅ”tu rada. Problemi su povezani s nedovoljno razvijenim regionalnim pristupom tih mjera, relativno slaboj suradnji razliÄitih sudionika i znaÄajnoj nefleksibilnosti radnog zakonodavstva
E- Simbioza als ein Weg zur Kreislaufwirtschaft durch die industrielle Symbiose in Slowenien
This paper provides a first insight into the level of understanding and implementation of industrial symbiosis (IS) in Slovenia. It is based on an online survey of a small sample of organizations actively involved in waste management. The results show that while their motivation to engage in IS include various environmental and economic benefits, as well as social responsibility, the concept and practice of IS is not well understood even within this group of organizations. Organizations that engage in IS would benefit from online tools enabling them to optimize their search for potential IS stakeholders with relevant types of waste materials for exchange. While the small sample size does not allow for generalizations, it provides evidence that an online platform to support IS can substantially contribute to a shift towards a circular economy. The article concludes with the presentation of one such successful initiative ā e-Simbioza ā as well as some guidelines for its future development.U Älanku se po prvi put analizira upoznatost s idejom industrijske simbioze (IS) u Sloveniji kao i njena implementacija. Podaci su dobiveni online anketom provedenom na manjem uzorku organizacija koje su aktivno ukljuÄene u upravljanje otpadom. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da su ove organizacije motivirane primjenjivati industrijsku simbiozu, a njihovi razlozi ukljuÄuju okoliÅ”ne i ekonomske prednosti njene primjene, kao i pitanja druÅ”tvene odgovornosti. MeÄutim, vidljivo je da Äak ni ove organizacije nisu sasvim upoznate s idejom industrijske simbioze kao ni njenom primjenom. Organizacijama koje primjenjuju industrijsku simbiozu bili bi korisni online alati koji bi im omoguÄili lakÅ”i pronalazak potencijalno zainteresiranih aktera s odreÄenim vrstama otpada za razmjenu. VeliÄina uzorka ne omoguÄuje poopÄavanje rezultata, no istraživanje daje naznake da bi uspostava online platforme koja promiÄe industrijsku simbiozu znaÄajno doprinijela pozitivnom pomaku prema kružnoj ekonomiji. U Älanku je predstavljen primjer jedne takve uspjeÅ”ne inicijative ā e-Simbioza ā pa se raspravlja i o moguÄnostima njenog buduÄeg razvoja.Im Artikel wird zum ersten Mal der Bekanntheitsgrad der Idee der industriellen Symbiose (IS) in Slowenien, sowie deren Implementierung analysiert. Die Angaben stammen aus einer Onlineumfrage, die an einem kleineren Muster von am Abfallmanagement aktiv beteiligten Organisationen durchgefĆ¼hrt wurde. Die Egebnisse zeigen, dass diese Organisationen dazu motiviert sind, die industrielle Symbiose anzuwenden, ihre GrĆ¼nde dafĆ¼r schlieĆen ƶkologische und ƶkonomische Vorteile deren Anwendung, sowie die Fragen der gesellschaftlichen Verantwortung ein. Es ist jedoch sichtbar, dass sogar diese Organisationen nicht vƶllig mit der Idee der industriellen Symbiose und deren Anwendung vertraut sind. FĆ¼r die Organisationen, die die industrielle Symbiose anwenden, wƤren Onlinewerkzeuge nĆ¼tzlich, die ihnen ermƶglichen wĆ¼rden, potentielle Interessenten mit bestimmten Abfallarten fĆ¼r den Tausch zu finden. Die GrƶĆe des Musters ermƶglicht nicht, dass die Ergebnisse verallgemeinert werden, die Forschung jedoch liefert Anzeichen dafĆ¼r, dass die Erstellung einer Onlineplattform, die die industrielle Symbiose vorantreibt, einer positiven AnnƤherung an die Kreislaufwirtschaft wesentlich beitragen wĆ¼rde. Im Artikel wird das Beispiel solch einer erfolgreichen Initiative ā e-Simbioza ā angefĆ¼hrt und die Mƶglichkeiten ihrer zukĆ¼nftigen Entwicklung werden erƶrtert
PREVALENCE OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST ROMA WOMEN IN ROMA FAMILIES IN ISOLATED ROMA SETTLEMENTS ON THE TERRITORY OF MEÄIMURJE COUNTY
Predmet istraživanja bila je prevalencija pojedinih oblika nasilja nad Romkinjama koje žive u izoliranim romskim naseljima na podruÄju MeÄimurske županije. Istraživanje je bilo provedeno jednokratnim istraživanjem po tipu tzv. nacrta Ā»popreÄnog presjekaĀ« u jednoj vremenskoj toÄki (proljeÄe 2020.) metodom anketiranja, a na sluÄajnom, proporcionalnom, stratificiranom uzorku od 350 Romkinja iz 12 izoliranih romskih naselja na podruÄju MeÄimurske županije. UtvrÄena je vrlo visoka prevalencija izloženosti svim oblicima nasilja nad Romkinjama pri Äemu je 69,1% ispitanih Romkinja izjavilo da su najmanje jednom tijekom života doživjele najmanje jedan oblik iz jedne od Äetiri grupe nasilja (fiziÄko, psihiÄko, seksualno ili/i ekonomsko). Najmanje jednom u životu nekom obliku psihiÄkog nasilja bilo je izloženo 61,7% Romkinja, najmanje jednom u životu nekom obliku fiziÄkog nasilja 50,3% Romkinja, najmanje jednom u životu nekom obliku ekonomskog nasilja 22,3% Romkinja, te najmanje jednom u životu nekom obliku seksualnog nasilja 17,1% Romkinja. Rezultati su pokazali da su Romkinje izrazito ugrožene zbog prisustva niza riziÄnih faktora koji idu daleko iznad pripadnosti etniÄkoj manjini ili bilo kojoj drugoj manjinskoj skupini.The subject of the research was the prevalence of various forms of violence against Roma women living in isolated Roma settlements in MeÄimurje County. The research was conducted by one-time research on the type of so-called draft Ā»cross-sectionĀ« at one point in time (spring 2020.) by survey method and on a random, proportional, stratified sample of 350 Roma women from 12 isolated Roma settlements in MeÄimurje County. There was a very high prevalence of exposure to all forms of domestic violence against women among Romani women, with 69,1% of Romani women surveyed saying they had experienced at least one form of violence (physical, psychological, sexual, and/or economic) at least once in their lives. By analyzing the collected responses on exposure to certain forms from each of the four groups of violence, new variables were formed by isolating all those Roma women who at least once or more often over time, and at least once experienced at least one form from each violence group. 61.,7% of Romani women have been exposed to some form of psychological violence at least once in their lives, 50.,3% of Romani women have been exposed to some form of physical violence at least once in their lives, 22.,3% of Romani women have been exposed to some form of economic violence at least once in their lives and to some form of sexual violence have been exposed 17.,1% of Roma women have been exposed to some form of sexual violence. The results showed that Romani women are extremely vulnerable due to the presence of several risk factors that go far beyond belonging to an ethnic minority or any other minority group
LogistiÄki regresijski model predikcije izloženosti nasilju nad Romkinjama u romskim obiteljima u izoliranim romskim naseljima MeÄimurske županije
Based on the conducted field research on the incidence of violence against Roma women in Roma families, as well as their beliefs and attitudes about violence against Roma women in Roma families conducted on the cause of 350 Roma women living in 12 isolated Roma settlements in MeÄimurje County, by using logistic regression analyzes, three predictive profiles of Roma women as victims of gender violence in Roma families were made.
The application goal of the research is aimed at helping health and social services if they could further shift the focus of their work towards those Roma women as beneficiaries who are at higher risk of exposure to violence.
In the first model, which included only socio-demographic characteristics of respondents according to Wald\u27s test of significance of coefficients, older age (OR 1,848, p-0,007), material deprivation (OR 2,345, p-0.021) and the earlier age of birth of the first child (OR 7.962, p-0.004) were singled out as statistically significant from the predictors of Roma women\u27s exposure to domestic violence within Roma families.
Extending the model with attitudes and prejudices about violence against women with significant predictors already highlighted, such as younger age (OR 1,760, p-0,015), earlier age of first child (OR 8,210, p-0,003) and earlier age of starting a family (OR 0.305, p-0.048), as the strongest predictor, beliefs and attitudes about violence were singled out (OR 1,957, p-0,002). Roma women with a higher degree of acceptance of prejudice about violence are also more likely to be victims of violence.
Finally, the introduction as an independent variable and exposure to childhood violence by individual forms of abuse (physical, psychological, sexual and economic) resulted in a prediction model that proved to be statistically significant (p <.01), which of all three models best predicted values āāof the dependent variable, where the predictors were significant earlier age of birth of the first child (OR 7,955, p-0,041), earlier age of starting a family (OR 0,106, p-0,017), higher number of children in care (OR 3,087, p-0,049 ) and greater exposure to physical (OR 14,560, p-0.001), economic (OR 4,728, p-0,049) and psychological (OR 8,088, p-0,000) childhood violence. Exposure to domestic violence is such a strong predictor that by introducing it into the model, attitudes about violence, ie a greater tendency to accept prejudices about violence against women and greater material deprivation, lose their predictive power, which directly confirms the assumption that Roma women victims of childhood violence a much higher risk of being a victim of adult violence.Na temelju provedenog terenskog istraživanja pojavnosti nasilja nad Romkinjama u romskim obiteljima, kao i njihovih uvjerenja i stavova o nasilju nad Romkinjama u romskim obiteljima koje je bilo provedeno na uzroku od 350 Romkinja koje žive na podruÄju 12 izoliranihromskih naselja na podruÄju MeÄimurske županije, upotrebom logistiÄke regresijske analizeizraÄena su tri prediktivna modela profila Romkinje kao žrtve obiteljskog nasilja u romskojobitelji. Aplikativni cilj istraživanja bio je usmjeren prema pomoÄi nadležnim zdravstvenimi socijalnim službama, kako bi na vrijeme mogle usmjeriti fokus svojeg rada prema onimRomkinjama kao korisnicama koje su pod veÄim rizikom od izloženosti nasilju.U prvom modelu, koji je ukljuÄivao samo sociodemografske karakteristike ispitanica,od prediktora izloženosti Romkinja obiteljskom nasilju unutar Romske obitelji prema Waldovu testu znaÄajnosti koeficijenata kao statistiÄki znaÄajni izdvojeni su starija životna dob (OR 1,848, p - 0,007), veÄa materijalna deprivacija (OR 2,345, p - 0,021) i ranija dob raÄanja prvog djeteta prije 16. godine života (OR 7,962, p - 0,004). ProÅ”irenjem modela sastavovima i predrasudama o nasilju nad ženom uz veÄ izdvojene znaÄajni prediktore kao Å”tosu mlaÄa životna dob (OR 1,760, p - 0,015), ranija dob raÄanja prvog djeteta (OR 8,210,p - 0,003) i ranija dob zasnivanja obitelji (OR 0,305, p - 0,048, kao najsnažniji prediktor izdvojena su uvjerenja i stavovi o nasilju (OR 1,957, p - 0,002), pri Äemu Romkinje s veÄimstupnjem prihvaÄanja predrasuda o nasilju imaju i veÄu Å”ansu da budu žrtve nasilja. KonaÄno,uvoÄenjem kao nezavisne varijable i izloženost nasilju u djetinjstvu i to po pojedinim oblicimazlostavljanja (tjelesnom, psihiÄkom, seksualnom i ekonomskom), dobiven je prediktivni model koji se pokazao statistiÄki znaÄajnim (p < .01), a koji je od sva tri modela najbolje predviÄaovrijednosti zavisne varijable, pri Äemu su od prediktora bili znaÄajni ranija dob raÄanja prvogdjeteta (OR 7,955, p - 0,041), ranija dob zasnivanja obitelji (OR 0,106, p - 0,017), veÄa brojnosti djece na skrbi (OR 3,087, p - 0,049) i izloženost tjelesnom (OR 14,560, p-0,001),ekonomskom (OR 4,728, p - 0,049) i psihiÄkom (OR 8,088, p - 0,000) nasilju u djetinjstvu.Izloženost nasilju u djetinjstvu toliko je snažan prediktor da njegovim uvoÄenjem u modelstavovi o nasilju, odnosno veÄa sklonost prihvaÄanja predrasuda o nasilju nad ženom te veÄa materijalna deprivacija gube prediktorsku snagu, Äime je direktno potvrÄena pretpostavka da su Romkinje koje su bile žrtve nasilja u djetinjstvu pod viÅ”estruko veÄim rizikom od bivanjažrtvom nasilja u odrasloj dobi
Development and implementation of the EU grand strategies: sociological, policy, and regional considerations of Agenda 2030
This book addresses the challenging and exciting issues of the implementation of the European Unionās grand strategies, with a particular interest in the implementation of the current Agenda 2030 and its Sustainable Development Goals. It provides insight into the impact of this strategic process on some of the current global issues relevant to the European Union, such as the European and global energy market, food supplies, industrial components etc. Some of the challenges have such a strong short-term impact, that already accepted strategic priorities and decisions are being questioned and re-examined. This is a particularly exciting subject, both as a research topic and as a policy issue
intermediarna sfera kot producent kolektivnih dobrin
Å tevilni avtorji se ukvarjajo z iskanjem odgovorov na vpraÅ”anja povezana z odnosom med trgom in državo, Å”e posebej v luÄi visoke brezposelnosti in krize socialne države v državah izven anglosaÅ”kega kroga. Ta debata, ki predpostavlja kompetitiven odnos med obema sferama, je v mnogih dimenzijah postala neproduktivna. Zato avtor teksta predstavi nekatere poteze novega pristopa, ki pripisuje veÄji pomen intermediarni sferi. Pri tem opozori na preslabo poznavanje te sfere, zmedo, ki spremlja poimenovanje te sfere in na težave, ki izhajajo iz tega. BoljÅ”e poznavanje intermediarne sferebi okrepilo njene potenciale za generiranje kolektivnih dobrin, zato skuÅ”a oblikovati vsaj grob okvir za oblikovanje definicije te sfere. Proti koncu teksta nakaže, na kakÅ”ne naÄine se intermediarna sfera umeÅ”Äa med ostale sfere, ki generirajo kolektivne dobrine.Numerous authors are searching for answers to the questions connected with relations between the market and the state, particularly in view of high unemployment and the crisis of the welfare (social) state in countries outside the Anglo-Saxon circle. The debate which assumes a competitive relationship between the two spheres is, in various dimensions, unproductive. For this reason the author presents some of the characteristics of a novel approach which attributes more significance to the intermediary sphere. He warns about the poor understanding of the sphere, the confusion related to its naming and the problems ensuing from this. A deeper understanding of the intermediary sphere would fortify its potentials for generating collective goods, therefore the author tries to form at least a rough frame to create a definition of this sphere. In conclusion, various modes of placement of the intermediary sphere among other spheres generating collective goods, are presented